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underpass    音标拼音: ['ʌndɚp,æs]
n. 地下道

地下道

underpass
n 1: an underground tunnel or passage enabling pedestrians to
cross a road or railway [synonym: {underpass}, {subway}]


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  • Ocean acidification - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    The ocean’s average pH is now around 8 1, which is basic (or alkaline), but as the ocean continues to absorb more CO 2, the pH decreases and the ocean becomes more acidic
  • Ocean Acidification - Smithsonian Ocean
    First, the pH of seawater water gets lower as it becomes more acidic Second, this process binds up carbonate ions and makes them less abundant—ions that corals, oysters, mussels, and many other shelled organisms need to build shells and skeletons
  • Ocean Acidification – Definition, Causes, Effects
    Ocean acidification is the long-term, global decrease in seawater pH caused primarily by the ocean’s uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere As CO₂ dissolves into seawater, it alters carbonate chemistry that many marine organisms rely on to build shells and skeletons
  • pH Decrease and Effects on the Chemistry of Seawater
    A decrease in pH may affect the solubility of some minerals (Stumm and Morgan 1981; Liu and Millero 2002) and also the distribution of chemical species, favouring the free dissolved forms of metals, and exerting significant physiological, ecological and toxicological effects on organisms
  • Ocean Acidification - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
    Ocean acidification is defined as a suite of chemical reactions in the ocean, triggered by increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, resulting in a decrease in ocean pH and alterations in carbonate chemistry, which are significant for marine organisms that rely on carbonate ions for shell and skeleton formation
  • Ocean acidification - Wikipedia
    The presence of free hydrogen ions (H+) lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing acidity (this does not mean that seawater is acidic yet; it is still alkaline, with a pH higher than 8)
  • Ocean Acidification | CMEMS - Copernicus
    The excess carbon in the ocean changes the chemical composition of seawater, increasing its acidity and reducing the water’s pH value (hydrogen ion concentration) When atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the water, it combines with H 2 O water molecules, producing free ions of hydrogen (H +)
  • FAQs about Ocean Acidification - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Organisms that live in fresh water or in salt water with lower pH have developed adaptive mechanisms that allow them to survive under those conditions In contrast, marine shellfish that have evolved in seawater with a higher and less variable pH are more susceptible to changes in pH
  • Understanding the Science of Ocean and Coastal Acidification
    As the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater increases, declining pH indicates increasing acidity Just as solids like sugar can dissolve in water, gases like carbon dioxide do as well
  • Ocean Acidifications Chemical Chain Reaction: How Runoff Threatens . . .
    Ocean acidification, often called “climate change’s evil twin,” occurs when excess carbon dioxide from human activities dissolves into seawater, triggering a cascade of chemical reactions that fundamentally alter ocean chemistry





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