certainty 音标拼音: [s'ɚtənti]
n . 肯定,确信,有把握,一定,必然
肯定,确信,有把握,一定,必然
certainty n 1 :
the state of being certain ; "
his certainty reassured the others " [
ant : {
doubt }, {
doubtfulness }, {
dubiety },
{
dubiousness }, {
incertitude }, {
uncertainty }]
2 :
something that is certain ; "
his victory is a certainty " [
synonym :
{
certainty }, {
sure thing }, {
foregone conclusion }] [
ant :
{
precariousness }, {
uncertainness }, {
uncertainty }]
Certainty \
Cer "
tain *
ty \,
n .;
pl . {
Certainties }. [
OF .
certainet ['
e ].]
1 .
The quality ,
state ,
or condition ,
of being certain .
[
1913 Webster ]
The certainty of punishment is the truest security against crimes . --
Fisher Ames .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
A fact or truth unquestionable established .
[
1913 Webster ]
Certainties are uninteresting and sating . --
Landor .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 . (
Law )
Clearness ;
freedom from ambiguity ;
lucidity .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Of a certainty },
certainly .
[
1913 Webster ]
85 Moby Thesaurus words for "
certainty ":
absolutely ,
absoluteness ,
acceptation ,
acception ,
acquiescence ,
act of God ,
actuality ,
anticipation ,
assurance ,
assuredly ,
assuredness ,
authoritativeness ,
belief ,
certainly ,
certitude ,
confidence ,
connection ,
contemplation ,
conviction ,
credence ,
credit ,
credulity ,
definitely ,
definiteness ,
dependence ,
dogmatism ,
expectancy ,
expectation ,
fact ,
faith ,
fate ,
fatefulness ,
firmness ,
for a certainty ,
for sure ,
force majeure ,
hope ,
imminence ,
indefeasibility ,
indubitably ,
ineluctability ,
inescapableness ,
inevasibleness ,
inevitability ,
inevitable accident ,
inevitableness ,
inexorability ,
inflexibility ,
irrevocability ,
necessity ,
positively ,
positiveness ,
positivism ,
predetermination ,
probability ,
prospect ,
reality ,
reception ,
relentlessness ,
reliance ,
reliance on ,
self -
assurance ,
staunchness ,
steadiness ,
stock ,
store ,
sure thing ,
surely ,
sureness ,
surety ,
suspension of disbelief ,
thought ,
trust ,
truth ,
unastonishment ,
unavoidable casualty ,
unavoidableness ,
uncontrollability ,
undeflectability ,
undeniably ,
undoubtedly ,
unpreventability ,
unquestionably ,
unyieldingness ,
vis major CERTAINTY ,
pleading .
By certainty is understood a clear and distinct statement of the facts which constitute the cause of action ,
or ground of defence ,
so that they may be understood by the party who is to answer them ,
by the jury who are to ascertain the truth of the allegations ,
and by the court who are to give the judgment .
Cowp .
682 ;
Co .
Litt .
308 ;
2 Bos . &
Pull .
267 ;
13 East ,
R .
107 ;
Com .
Dig .
Pleader ,
C 17 ;
Hob .
295 .
Certainty has been stated by Lord Coke ,
Co .
Litt .
303 ,
a ,
to be of three sorts namely ,
1 .
certainty to a common intent 2 .
to a certain intent in general ;
and ,
3 .
to a certain intent in every particular .
In the case of Dovaston .
v .
Paine Buller ,
J .
said he remembered to have heard Mr .
Justice Ashton treat these distinctions as a jargon of words without meaning ;
2 H .
Bl .
530 .
They have ,
however ,
long been made ,
and ought not altogether to be departed from .
2 .-
1 .
Certainty to a common intent is simply a rule of construction .
It occurs when words are used which will bear a natural sense ,
and also an artificial one ,
or one to be made out by argument or inference .
Upon the ground of this rule the natural sense of words is adopted ,
without addition .
2 H .
Bl .
530 .
3 .-
2 .
Certainty to ,
a certain intent in general ,
is a greater degree of certainty than the last ,
and means what upon a fair and reasonable construction may be called certain ,
without recurring to possible facts which do not appear ;
9 Johns .
R .
317 ;
and is what is required in declarations ,
replications ,
and indictments ,
in the charge or accusation ,
and in returns to writs of mandamus .
See 1 Saund .
49 ,
n .
1 ;
1 Dougl .
159 ;
2 Johns .
Cas .
339 ;
Cowp .
682 ;
2 Mass .
R .
363 by some of which authorities ,
it would seem ,
certainty to a common intent is sufficient in a declaration .
4 .-
3 .
The third degree of certainty ,
is that which precludes all argument ,
inference ,
or presumption against the party ,
pleading ,
and is that technical accuracy which is not liable to the most subtle and scrupulous objections ,
so that it is not merely a rule of construction ,
but of addition ;
for where this certainty is necessary ,
the party must not only state the facts of his case in the most precise way ,
but add to them such as show that they are not to be controverted ,
and ,
as it were ,
anticipate the case of his adversary .
Lawes on Pl .
54 ,
55 .
See 1 Chitty on Pl .
235 to 241 .
CERTAINTY ,
UNCERTAINTY ,
contracts .
In matters of obligation ,
a thing is certain ,
when its essence ,
quality ,
and quantity ,
are described ,
distinctly set forth ,
Dig .
12 ,
1 ,
6 .
It is uncertain ,
when the description is not that of one individual object ,
but designates only the kind .
Louis .
Code ,
art .
3522 ,
No .
8 5 Co .
121 .
Certainty is the mother of repose ,
and therefore the law aims at certainty .
1 Dick .
245 .
Act of the 27th of July ,
1789 ,
ii .
2 ,
1 Story '
s Laws ,
6 .
His compensation for his servicer ,
shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum .
Gordon '
s Dig .
art .
211 .
2 .
If a contract be so vague in its terms ,
that its meaning cannot be certainly collected ,
and the statute of frauds preclude the admissibility of parol evidence to clear up the difficulty ;
5 Barn . &
Cr .
588 ;
S .
C .
12 Eng .
Com .
L .
R .
827 ;
or parol evidence cannot supply the defect ,
then neither at law ,
nor in equity ,
can effect be given to it .
1 Russ . &
M .
116 ;
1 Ch .
Pr .
123 .
3 .
It is a maxim of law ,
that ,
that is certain which may be made certain ;
certum est quod certum reddi potest Co .
Litt .
43 ;
for example ,
when a man sells the oil he has in his store at so much a gallon ,
although there is uncertainty as to the quantity of oil ,
yet inasmuch as it can be ascertained ,
the maxim applies ,
and the sale is good .
Vide generally ,
Story ,
Eq .
El .
Sec .
240 to 256 ;
Mitf .
Pl .
by Jeremy ,
41 ;
Coop .
Eq .
Pl .
5 ;
Wigr .
on Disc .
77 .
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