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borneol    
n. 龙脑,冰片

龙脑,冰片

Borneol \Bor"ne*ol\, n. [Borneo -ol.] (Chem.)
A rare variety of camphor, {C10H17.OH}, resembling ordinary
camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is
said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra
({Dryobalanops camphora}), but the natural borneol is rarely
found in European or American commerce, being in great
request by the Chinese. Called also {Borneo camphor}, {Malay
camphor}, and {camphol}.
[1913 Webster]


Camphor \Cam"phor\ (k[a^]m"f[~e]r), n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre
(cf. It. canfora, Sp. camfora, alcanfor, LL. canfora,
camphora, NGr. kafoyra`), fr. Ar. k[=a]f[=u]r, prob. fr. Skr.
karp[=u]ra.]
1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from
different species of the {Laurus} family, esp. from
{Cinnamomum camphara} (the {Laurus camphora} of
Linn[ae]us.). Camphor, {C10H16O}, is volatile and
fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a
stimulant, or sedative.
[1913 Webster]

2. originally, a gum resembling ordinary camphor, obtained
from a tree ({Dryobalanops aromatica} formerly
{Dryobalanops camphora}) growing in Sumatra and Borneo;
now applied to its main constituent, a terpene alcohol
obtainable as a white solid {C10H18O}, called also {Borneo
camphor}, {Malay camphor}, {Malayan camphor}, {camphor of
Borneo}, {Sumatra camphor}, {bornyl alcohol}, {camphol},
and {borneol}. The isomer from {Dryobalanops} is
dextrorotatory; the levoratatory form is obtainable from
other species of plants, and the racemic mixture may be
obtained by reduction of camphor. It is used in perfumery,
and for manufacture of its esters. See {Borneol}.
[1913 Webster PJC]

Note: The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies
of similar appearance and properties, as {cedar
camphor}, obtained from the red or pencil cedar
({Juniperus Virginiana}), and {peppermint camphor}, or
{menthol}, obtained from the oil of peppermint.
[1913 Webster]

{Camphor oil} (Chem.), name variously given to certain
oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor
tree.

{Camphor tree}, a large evergreen tree ({Cinnamomum
Camphora}) with lax, smooth branches and shining
triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China,
but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is
collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood
and subliming the product.
[1913 Webster]


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